网信彩票官方-百度词条

来源：网信彩票app下载2021-01-01 17:48

网信彩票官方

（新春见闻）与木头对话的“守艺人”：手做的笼屉有“灵魂”******

　　中新社乌鲁木齐2月2日电题：与木头对话的“守艺人”：手做的笼屉有“灵魂”

　　作者史玉江翟薇商凯旋

　　春节期间，新疆生产建设兵团(下称新疆兵团)第十三师红山农场家家户户都蒸花馍，这也是笼匠袁吉清一年中最忙的时候。

　　一间二十多平方米的房内，摆放着不少制作中的笼屉，房间一角，堆满了加工后的木材。袁吉清站在烧热的半圆铁模具前，借高温将一块木板塑形成圆环状，瞬间，房内充盈着木头灼烧的气味。“这是制作笼屉中最难的一步，只有多做才能掌握力道和火候，做好大概要一周。”袁吉清告诉记者。

　　作为当地唯一的笼匠，袁吉清制作笼屉已44载，一直坚守纯手工制作。用袁吉清的话说，手做的木质笼屉才有“灵魂”。

　　笼屉是传统手工炊具，在普遍使用地灶、铁锅的年代，笼屉很普及。如今，木质笼屉逐渐消失，笼屉匠也和其他匠人一样淡出人们视野。但在中国乡间及喜好自然粮食味道的人中，仍用传统笼屉。

　　记者注意到，袁吉清许多工具的木质把手已经盘出一层油润的包浆。“这些工具都是我父亲用过的。”袁吉清称，其父是红山农场有名的木匠。

　　“从小就喜欢看父亲做笼屉。”凭几样简单的工具，就能将一根根木头“变成”器具，儿时的袁吉清觉得很神奇。

　　袁吉清1986年初中毕业后，从锯木条开始，在父亲的指导下学习木工活。“那时候，家家户户都蒸馒头，所以来我家做笼屉的人非常多。”几年后，他开始专攻做笼屉的手艺。

　　笼屉看似简单，但要经过选料、裁料、盘料、穿撑、铺笼齿等20多道工序。袁吉清还将父辈传下来的每一个步骤都做了改进。“要想让笼屉卖得好，还要学会变通。”

　　“不是什么木头都能制作蒸笼，我选取的是松木，纹理要好，不能有树节，否则制作的蒸笼不耐用。”说起蒸笼，袁吉清满脸洋溢着自信。

　　多年来，袁吉清制作的笼屉凭借着用料和做工，在当地闯出名声，周边县乡的人也去他家买笼屉。凭借着这个手艺，袁吉清一年有六七万元人民币的收入。

　　刘峰在红山农场场部经营着一家馒头店。他说，“袁师傅做的笼屉质量好，用30年都不坏，而且用木质笼屉蒸出来的馒头也带着一股特殊的香味，客人们都很喜欢吃。”

　　近年来，新疆兵团对传统文化愈加重视，袁吉清被确定为第十三师新星市木蒸笼制作的传承人。袁吉清说，当他从父亲手中接过“笼刀”(笼匠的专业工具)时，就担负起传承的使命。“打算在兔年找一位对笼屉制作技艺感兴趣的年轻人，将这份手艺传下去。”(完)

中新网评：处理核污水绝不是日本自家私事******

　　中新网北京1月19日电(蒋鲤)日本政府近日称，将于2023年春夏期间开始向海洋排放经过处理的福岛第一核电站核污水。日本罔顾国内民众及周边国家的屡屡反对，企图将核污水“一倒了之”，把一件关乎全球海洋生态环境和公众健康的事当成了自家私事。

资料图：日本福岛第一核电站。

　　2011年，福岛核电站事故发生后，大量放射性物质泄漏到大气层和太平洋，对周围环境造成了难以逆转的伤害，数十万人被迫撤离该地区。时至今日，作为日本邻国之一的韩国仍未解除福岛海鲜禁令。

　　日本以核污水存储能力即将达到上限为由，在2021年4月13日，正式决定将福岛第一核电站核污水排入太平洋。过去一年多，日本政府和东京电力公司一直在持续推进核污水排海计划。

　　日本政府辩称，这些核污水经多核素处理系统(ALPS)处理后很安全，甚至“可以喝”，这样的表态无疑在愚弄大众。

　　事实上，经过处理的核污水仍含有多种放射性物质，核污水一旦排放入海就无法回收，长期来看，将会给海洋生态带来难以估量的潜在威胁，最终危害人类健康。

　　因此，核污水排海计划推出后，遭到日本民众强烈反对。日本《朝日新闻》2022年3月公布的问卷调查显示，福岛县、宫城县和岩手县受访的42个市町村长中，约六成反对东京电力公司福岛第一核电站核污水排放入海。日本全国渔业协会联合会也多次申明立场，反对该计划。

　　日本政府认为，核污水排海是最便宜、最省事的解决方案，但此举却将周边国家乃至全世界置于核污染风险中。太平洋非日本一家之海，核污水会随着洋流流动，其影响势必会跨越国界，危害周边国家乃至整个国际社会的公共福祉和利益。

　　《韩国经济新闻》发文称，相关研究认为，福岛核污水如果排放入海，约7个月后将到达济州等韩国海域，该国水产业和旅游业将遭受相当大的损失。

　　德国南极海洋机构也曾发出警告，若日本将所有核污水排入海中，不到半年，整个太平洋都将面临高度辐射威胁，包括远在大洋另一端的美国。太平洋地区人民更是对日本该计划持反对意见。

　　日本作为《联合国海洋法公约》缔约国，有义务保护海洋环境。然而，在核污水排海方案的正当性、核污水数据的可靠性、净化装置的有效性、环境影响的不确定性等问题上，日本未能作出科学、可信的说明。

　　国际原子能机构技术工作组虽已三次赴日实地考察评估，但尚未就日排海方案的安全性给出结论，并且对日本提出诸多澄清要求和整改意见。在此情况下，日本仍执意推进核污水排海工程建设，这是极不负责任的行为。

　　太平洋不是日本的下水道，日本必须正视各方合理关切，在与周边国家等相关利益方和国际原子能机构充分协商后，制定合理的核污水处理方案。日本也要着眼长远，若只顾眼前，执意将核污水排放入海，不仅其自身，周边国家乃至全世界都将为之买单，其后果必将会危害数代人。

　　Fukushima water disposal by no means Japan’s own business

　　By John Lee

　　(ECNS) -- Japan has announced it will release treated wastewater from the wrecked Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant into the Pacific Ocean this year.

　　Although Fukushima wastewater disposal affects global marine ecological environment protection and public health, Japan has turned a deaf ear to domestic and international opposition to dumping the contaminated water into the sea, treating the "global" matter as its own business.

　　The Fukushima accident in 2011 had sent large quantities of radiation into the atmosphere and the Pacific Ocean, causing irreversible damage to the surrounding environment, and hundreds of thousands of people were forced to evacuate the area. South Korea still maintains its import ban on Japanese seafood from areas affected by the Fukushima nuclear disaster.

　　On April 13, 2021, Japan announced it had decided to discharge contaminated radioactive wastewater in Fukushima Prefecture into the sea due to dwindling storage space, with the Japanese government and plant operator Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings Inc. promoting the release plan over the past year.

　　The Japanese government argues that the water treated by an advanced liquid processing system, or ALPS, is safe and drinkable, which is undoubtedly fooling the public.

　　In fact, the treated wastewater still includes a variety of radioactive substances and can’t be recycled once discharged into the sea, which will pose a great threat to marine ecology and ultimately endanger human health in the long run.

　　Therefore, the discharge plan has been strongly opposed in Japan. According to a questionnaire conducted by The Asahi Shimbun, nearly 60 percent of mayors of 42 municipalities in Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima prefectures oppose the discharge plan. The National Fisheries Cooperative Federation of Japan has also repeatedly stated its opposition in public.

　　The Japanese government believes that dumping Fukushima wastewater into the sea is the cheapest and most convenient solution, but neighboring countries and even the whole world will be at risk of nuclear pollution.

　　The Pacific Ocean doesn’t belong to Japan and the wastewater flow along oceanic currents will surely break boundaries and endanger public welfare and the interests of neighboring countries and even the international community.

　　The Korea Economic Daily reported that related research concluded that if contaminated water from Fukushima is released into the ocean, it would only take seven months for the contaminated water to reach the shores of Jeju Island, with the country's aquaculture and tourism suffering considerable losses.

　　According to the calculation of a German marine scientific research institute, radioactive materials will spread to most of the Pacific Ocean within half a year from the date of discharge, and the U.S. and Canada will be affected by nuclear pollution. People in the Pacific region also oppose the discharge plan.

　　As a participant of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Japan has the obligation of protecting the marine environment.

　　However, it hasn’t offered a full and convincing explanation on issues like the legitimacy of the discharge plan, the reliability of data on the nuclear-contaminated water, the efficacy of the treatment system or the uncertainty of environmental impact.

　　Though the IAEA has yet to complete a comprehensive review after three investigations in Japan, the Japanese side has been pushing through the approval process for its discharge plan and even started building facilities for the discharge. It is rather irresponsible for Japan to act against public opinion at home and concerns abroad.

　　The Pacific Ocean is not a private Japanese sewer. The country must seriously heed the voices of the international community and make a reasonable plan for the Fukushima wastewater disposal after full consultation with stakeholders and international agencies.

　　If it only seeks instant interest and insists on discharging the contaminated water into the sea, not only itself, but also its neighboring countries and the entire world will pay for the decision and several generations will be forced to bear the consequence.